在使用zabbix的过程中，随着时间的推移，数据库中的历史数据会越来越多，会发现打开页面，查询数据等会变慢。zabbix 自带的 housekeeper会定时清理（默认一小时清理一次）旧的数据。不过在 housekeeper清理过中，会导致数据库负载极具增加。这里介绍另外一种办法，就是对几个历史数据表做分区表（partition table）可按照时间（每天）为维度，把历史数据存到各个分区表中，这样做有以下好处：
1.加快查询速度
2.快速清理过去一时间的历史数据（删除分区表）

配置

这里以zabbix3.4版本为例。使用itnihao的脚本即可（本人做了稍加修改）:
zabbix 2.2分区脚本
https://www.tracymc.cn/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/partitiontables.txt
zabbix3.4分区脚本
https://www.tracymc.cn/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/partitiontables_gt_zbx34.txt

下载脚本到并赋予可执行权限，默认脚本详情数据保留30天，趋势数据保留12个月，可根据实际情况修改。修改脚本以下地方即可

daily_history_min=30
monthly_history_min=12

脚本里默认的zabbix数据库主机为localhost，用户为zabbix，密码为zabbix，如果你的信息不是这个，可以修改脚本里的如下对应信息

DBHOST=localhost
DBUSER=zabbix
DBPASS=zabbix

修改好之后，赋予可执行权限。

分区

注意：执行分区表之前建议先停止zabbix server，如果不停止可能导致意外事件，备份好zabbix server数据库。因此建议安装好zabbix server之后就进行分区表。

./partitiontables_gt_zbx34.sh

完整执行过程如下

[root@localhost opt]# ./partitiontables_gt_zbx34.sh 
Ready to partition tables.

Ready to update permissions of Zabbix user to create routines

Enter root DB user: root         
Enter root password: root
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

以上要输入数据库的root用户和root密码

Do you want to backup the database (recommended) (Y/n): n
Are you certain you have a backup (y/N): 
y

是否需要备份数据库，这里我选n（之前备份过）
是否确认已经备份，y

Ready to proceed:

Starting yearly partioning at: 2018
and ending at: 2018
With 30 days of daily history
Ready to proceed (Y/n): 
y

分区表基本信息，确认执行

Altering table: history
Altering table: history_log
Altering table: history_str
Altering table: history_text
Altering table: history_uint
Altering table: trends
Altering table: trends_uint
Creating monthly partitions for table: trends
Creating monthly partitions for table: trends_uint
Creating daily partitions for table: history
Creating daily partitions for table: history_log
Creating daily partitions for table: history_str
Creating daily partitions for table: history_text
Creating daily partitions for table: history_uint


Ready to apply script to database, this may take a while.(Y/n): 
y
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Altering tables
history
history_log
history_str
history_text
history_uint
trends
trends_uint
trends
trends_uint
history
history_log
history_str
history_text
history_uint
Installing procedures

If Zabbix Version = 2.0 
Do you want to update the /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
to disable housekeeping (Y/n): n
Do you want to update the crontab (Y/n): y
The crontab entry can be either in /etc/cron.daily, or added
to the crontab for root

Do you want to add this to the /etc/cron.daily directory (Y/n): y

Enter email of who should get the daily housekeeping reports: test@126.com

如果无错误，表示分区表创建成功。

确认

查看/etc/cron.daily/目录下是否有zabbixhousekeeping脚本，内容为

#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/zabbix/cron.d/housekeeping.sh

查看housekeeping.sh脚本,内容如下

#!/bin/bash

MAILTO=test@126.com
tmpfile=/tmp/housekeeping$$

date >$tmpfile
/usr/bin/mysql --skip-column-names -B -h localhost -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL create_zabbix_partitions();" >>$
tmpfile 2>&1
/usr/bin/mail -s "Zabbix MySql Partition Housekeeping" $MAILTO <$tmpfile
rm -f $tmpfile

每次分区大约在每晚凌晨3点左右执行，执行成功后，脚本会用mail程序把执行结果发送到上面的邮箱，如果不需要可以删除mail 一行即可。
邮件内容大概如图

即可看到删除过期的数据分区表，并建立新的分区表。

查看

如果要具体查看分区表的情况，可以进入zabbix数据库，执行以下SQL语句查看histroy表的分区情况

use zabbix;
select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='history';

结果如下

+-----------+--------+------------+------------+
| part      | expr   | descr      | table_rows |
+-----------+--------+------------+------------+
| p20180126 |  clock | 1516982400 |          0 |
| p20180127 |  clock | 1517068800 |          0 |
| p20180128 |  clock | 1517155200 |          0 |
| p20180129 |  clock | 1517241600 |          0 |
| p20180130 |  clock | 1517328000 |          0 |
| p20180131 |  clock | 1517414400 |          0 |
| p20180201 |  clock | 1517500800 |          0 |
| p20180202 |  clock | 1517587200 |          0 |
| p20180203 |  clock | 1517673600 |          0 |
| p20180204 |  clock | 1517760000 |          0 |
| p20180205 |  clock | 1517846400 |          0 |
| p20180206 |  clock | 1517932800 |          0 |
| p20180207 |  clock | 1518019200 |          0 |
| p20180208 |  clock | 1518105600 |          0 |
| p20180209 |  clock | 1518192000 |          0 |
| p20180210 |  clock | 1518278400 |          0 |
| p20180211 |  clock | 1518364800 |          0 |
| p20180212 |  clock | 1518451200 |          0 |
| p20180213 |  clock | 1518537600 |          0 |
| p20180214 |  clock | 1518624000 |          0 |
| p20180215 |  clock | 1518710400 |          0 |
| p20180216 |  clock | 1518796800 |          0 |
| p20180217 |  clock | 1518883200 |          0 |
| p20180218 |  clock | 1518969600 |          0 |
| p20180219 |  clock | 1519056000 |          0 |
| p20180220 |  clock | 1519142400 |          0 |
| p20180221 |  clock | 1519228800 |          0 |
| p20180222 |  clock | 1519315200 |          0 |
| p20180223 |  clock | 1519401600 |          0 |
| p20180224 |  clock | 1519488000 |          0 |
| p20180225 |  clock | 1519574400 |        204 |
| p20180226 |  clock | 1519660800 |          0 |
| p20180227 |  clock | 1519747200 |          0 |
| p20180228 |  clock | 1519833600 |          0 |
| p20180301 |  clock | 1519920000 |          0 |
| p20180302 |  clock | 1520006400 |          0 |
| p20180303 |  clock | 1520092800 |          0 |
| p20180304 |  clock | 1520179200 |          0 |
+-----------+--------+------------+------------+
38 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到已经按照事件维度分区，和表中数据行数，分区表成功。

注：本文转自https://blog.cactifans.com/2018/02/25/zabbix3-4%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%E8%A1%A8%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/